The lecture aims to present modern knowledge of the Solar System and (partially) extrasolar planetary systems. We focus on historical developments, robotic exploration and new data, the changing architecture of orbits and planet formation. We focus on Newton's theory and dynamical phenomena, such as the stability of the solar system, which were studied by the greatest mathematicians. This has led to unprecedented theoretical (dynamical systems theory, mathematics, celestial mechanics) and technological (instrumentation, space observatories, robotic missions, navigation) developments.